نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی (بانکداری اسلامی)

نویسندگان

• وحید شهابی ¹
• مهدی خوش‌اخلاق ²

¹ استادیار، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

² دانش‌آموخته دکتری علوم اقتصادی، دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران

چکیده

1. مقدمه و هدف
تحقق کامل بانکداری اسلامی یکی از اهداف نظام بانکی ایران است که می‌تواند برکات اجتماعی و اقتصادی بسیاری به همراه داشته باشد. قرض‌الحسنه به‌عنوان نهادی مؤثر در راستای اهداف توزیعی و فقرزدایی، با اهداف جامعه اسلامی هم‌خوانی دارد. این پژوهش با هدف بازطراحی بانک قرض‌الحسنه در چارچوب بانکداری اسلامی و تبدیل آن به نهادی گسترش‌دهنده فرهنگ قرض‌الحسنه انجام شد.
2. مواد و روش‌ها
این پژوهش از روش آمیخته (کیفی و کمی) بهره برد. در بخش کیفی، داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته با متخصصان حوزه بانکداری اسلامی و مدیران بانکی جمع‌آوری شد. در بخش کمی، 100 پرسشنامه به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده بین خبرگان توزیع و داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS و Smart PLS تحلیل گردید.
3. یافته‌های تحقیق
نتایج نشان داد که بنیان‌گذاری بانک قرض‌الحسنه به‌عنوان یک بانک اجتماعی غیرانتفاعی، تخصیص منابع بر اساس تکافل اجتماعی، حمایت حاکمیت، استفاده از بانکداری دیجیتال، حذف قرعه‌کشی و تبلیغات پرهزینه، و معرفی وام به نیازمندان از جمله راهکارهایی است که در صورت گنجاندن در طرح بانکداری اسلامی و قوانین مربوطه، می‌تواند بانک قرض‌الحسنه را به نهادی مؤثر در گسترش فرهنگ قرض‌الحسنه تبدیل کند.
4. نتیجه‌گیری
با اتخاذ رویکردهای پیشنهادی در بازطراحی بانک قرض‌الحسنه و تقویت نقش آن در طرح بانکداری اسلامی، این نهاد می‌تواند به‌طور مؤثری در تحقق اهداف اجتماعی و اقتصادی جامعه اسلامی ایفای نقش کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• قرض‌الحسنه
• بانکداری اسلامی
• طرح بانکداری اسلامی
• فرهنگ قرض‌الحسنه

موضوعات

• بانکداری اسلامی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Redesigning Qard-al-Hasan Bank in the Islamic Banking Plan as an Institution that Expands the Culture of Qard-al-Hasan (Emphasizing the Actions of RESALT QARD AL_HASAN BANK)

نویسندگان [English]

• Vahid Shahabi ¹
• Mehdi Khoshakhlaq ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

² PhD in Economic Sciences, Faculty of Economics, University of Qom, Qom, Iran. and Sharia Supervisor of Qarz-ol-Hasaneh Bank

چکیده [English]

1. Introduction and Objective
The full realization of Islamic banking is a primary goal of the Iranian banking system, with the potential to bring significant social and economic benefits. Among its components, Qard-Al-Hasan, a form of interest-free loan, stands out as a crucial financial tool aimed at fostering distributional justice and alleviating poverty, which aligns with the ethical and social goals of Islamic society. This research aims to propose a redesign of Qard-Al-Hasan banks within the framework of Islamic banking to enhance its role in spreading the culture of Qard-Al-Hasan. The study highlights how transforming Qard-Al-Hasan banking into a more effective institution can contribute to the Islamic financial ecosystem, serving not only as a vehicle for financial inclusion but also as a social institution aligned with the core values of Islam.
2. Methods and Materials
This research utilized a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative research methods. In the qualitative phase, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with a selected group of experts in Islamic banking and managers from the Qard-Al-Hasan banks to gain deep insights into the challenges and opportunities for reform. A total of 15 experts were interviewed, providing comprehensive perspectives on the current status of Islamic banks and the cultural and operational changes needed for Qard-Al-Hasan institutions.
       In the quantitative phase, 100 questionnaires were distributed through simple random sampling among experts in the field. These questionnaires were designed to assess the factors that could contribute to the success of a redesigned Qard-Al-Hasan bank. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The analysis allowed for the identification of the critical elements in transforming Qard-Al-Hasan banks into efficient, socially responsible, and effective financial institutions.
 
3. Research Findings
The findings of this research revealed several key factors essential for transforming Qard-Al-Hasan banks into an effective institution that spreads the culture of Qard-Al-Hasan. The study found that:
- Establishing Qard-Al-Hasan banks as non-profit social institutions would be a fundamental step in aligning the banking system with Islamic principles, making it more socially oriented rather than profit-driven.
- Allocating resources based on social takaful (mutual insurance and social responsibility) rather than profit maximization would better address the needs of the underprivileged and contribute to financial inclusion.
- The support from the government and use of digital banking platforms could enhance the operational efficiency of these banks, reducing administrative costs and expanding their reach, especially to underserved populations.
- The research also identified the elimination of lotteries and costly advertisements as crucial steps in ensuring that Qard-Al-Hasan banks remain in line with ethical principles, avoiding practices that might distract from the core objectives of social welfare and justice.
- Finally, enabling loan introduction to the needy would make these institutions more inclusive and impactful in addressing the financial needs of low-income groups.

       These findings suggest that when these factors are incorporated into the Islamic banking plan and relevant regulations, Qard-Al-Hasan banks can become effective tools for spreading the culture of Qard-Al-Hasan and achieving the social and economic objectives of Islamic banking.
4. Discussion and Conclusion
The study concludes that adopting the proposed reforms in redesigning Qard-Al-Hasan banks can significantly contribute to the Islamic banking system's goals. By focusing on social responsibility, mutual cooperation, and financial inclusion, the redesigned Qard-Al-Hasan bank can better serve the needs of the Islamic community. The research underlines that integrating digital banking, removing ethically problematic practices such as lotteries, and providing targeted financial support to those in need can revitalize these institutions and help them achieve their primary purpose: the spread of the culture of Qard-Al-Hasan.
      Moreover, the role of government support and regulatory facilitation is highlighted as crucial in enabling the transformation of Qard-Al-Hasan banks into effective, sustainable, and ethical financial institutions. The findings also suggest that institutionalizing Qard-Al-Hasan as a non-profit social bank with clearly defined objectives could provide the stability and strategic direction needed for long-term success. By doing so, these institutions can contribute to poverty alleviation and social welfare, fulfilling the broader goals of Islamic economic systems.
      In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights and recommendations that can help policymakers and banking authorities implement strategies for strengthening Islamic banking. Future research may explore the potential challenges and real-world implementation of these reforms to further enhance the efficiency and impact of Qard-Al-Hasan banks.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Qard-Al-Hasan
• Islamic Banking
• Islamic Banking Plan
• Culture of Qard al-Hasan