"Islamic Finance Researches" (IFR)

Research on the Fiqhi- Financial Base of Prudence about Others’ Properties

Document Type : Science - Research (Islamic Fiqh Rules)

Author

Professor, Mustafa International University, Qom, Iran

Abstract

Islam considers special respect for the property of others and has established the principle of sanctity of possession. The jurisprudential rule of prudence in regard to property is in line with this respect and principle and stipulates that in case of lacking in the permission to possess the property of others, the principle should be based on the sanctity of possession, hence a prohibition on possessing it. The main question here relates to the content and documents and scope of the precautionary rule about other people’s properties, which is answered though descriptive-critical analysis and library documents and in the framework of Islamic texts. The main justification for this is the independent rule of reason and other factors, namely the holy Quranic verse forbidding the possession of property in vain, consensus, special care required by Shari'a, the rule of respect, the life of religious law experts, the principle of prudence, the law of the Shari'a and the suspension of the ruling on possession of property over existence. These in turn confirm the rule of reason. The ruling of Shari'a in this regard is, therefore, based on guidance provided by reason and the wise, and Shari'a does not have an independent edict in this regard. This jurisprudential rule applies to vital and risky properties and is valid in legal and thematic doubts and about Muslims and non-harbi (not deserving to be fought with) infidels but doesn’t apply to harbi infidels because their property is not respected. Ibaha (permissibility) does not apply to the property of others, but only where the subject is doomed to be abusive by nature and its sanctity is doubted, and it also applies where the intellect does not independently justify the seizure of the property of others. This is because the priority is given to the sanctity of other people’s property and the reason accepts this when it is not afforded sufficient contrary knowledge.

Keywords

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Volume 11, Issue 1 - Serial Number 21
February 2021
Pages 111-144
  • Receive Date: 21 February 2021
  • Revise Date: 12 October 2021
  • Accept Date: 21 October 2021